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  4. The Importance of Culture and Leadership with Mirja Lehmler-Brown

The Importance of Culture and Leadership with Mirja Lehmler-Brown

After many years in the finance industry, including a spell at Goldman Sachs, Mirja Lehmler-Brown, founding Managing Director and partner at Hayfin Capital Management Private Equity, decided to set up her own company.

As an incredibly value driven individual, Mirja found that in too many larger organizations collaboration, diversity and a sense of responsibility get lost.

But when you start your own business from scratch, she says, you get to set the culture, set the purpose, determine the behaviors that link to the purpose. There’s no legacy to bear in mind, and every single person you hire should have the same values or be driven by the same sense of purpose that you are.

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8 min read

Episode 4

The decision to invest in Summa

Mirja understands how hard it is to build a culture in an organization and ensure that it is truly aligned with the desired values.

Which made the decision to invest in Summa an easy one:

“You [Reynir] were a visionary back then. You and the team you created were so driven around sustainability and everything that you did. It worked for you because it was at your core, it wasn’t just to pretend or to sell.”

Carry out proper due diligence

When investing in an organization, says Mirja, you need to carry out detailed due diligence. For example, when Mirja was looking to invest in Summa Equity, they weren’t just looking to find out why they did something, or what it is the company wants to achieve.

No, thorough due diligence involves getting under the skin of the people you are going to work with.

You need to understand is their purpose for real? What really drives them, what motivates them? How do they work together? How do they make decisions? How do they operate? How will they lead future performance?

“We make 50 reference calls, I always say we will know somebody that knows you, in order to add data points to validate what you’re saying, who you are and how you operate and that takes time.”

How to find people with the same values

So how do you find people with the same values as you?

You need to define your behaviors, not just your values, says Mirja. I.e. What exactly is the behavior that you want to see every day as part of the culture?

And you have to be firm when you see something that doesn’t fit with your preferred behaviors. And when you see it, you need to provide constructive feedback immediately.

“It is a slippery slope if everybody is not living what you are saying is part of your culture behavior, you will dilute that value.”

You need to be disciplined in your approach and stick to it, says Mirja. And even fire people if needs be. You don’t want to carry people who don’t believe in what the organisation stands for.

Of course, you could try and help them improve and understand your values, but if you hired the wrong person, then it won’t matter how hard you try. They just won’t deliver what you need from them because they won’t have the same values as you.

Why values, behavior and culture build better businesses

Back in 2016, Mirja invested in Summa, but what was it about the company that appealed to her? Their strategy around sustainable investing? The team? The culture?

“You [had] a passion for sustainability. For finding the thematic areas of growth linked into the different topics, themes, the areas within sustainability that you believed in, and you used that as a filter for everything that you were doing. And that’s why we believed it would work, because it was so true to your core.”

Creating a fun culture at work

When Reynir founded Summa Equity, two things were important for him:

  1. To have a strategy around sustainable investing and,
  2. To create a culture where it was fun to work.

What they’re doing at Summa is innovative and to succeed requires a culture of psychological safety, where employees can bring their whole self to work.

But when you look at the private equity industry historically, building a culture based on psychological safety just wasn’t at the core of most private equity firms.

“When people set up these firms, they were very returns focused, looking at financial metrics etc. It’s been very white male dominated for a while. And I think people very much hired people who looked like them.”

And the thing is, says Mirja, if that’s the behavior you encourage, then that’s the culture that you stand for.

But people today want a culture they can be proud of. They want to understand the purpose at work and to feel like they connect to it. They want to feel at home in an organization.

Challenge bad leadership

We need to challenge bad leadership, whatever the industry, says Mirja. If your leadership is talking the talk but not walking the walk, they need to evolve. Leadership needs to take diversity and sustainability seriously.

“Change management is not easy. Very often, if you live with the legacy you can talk the talk, but to actually drive change in behavior and improve the leadership, it’s tough.”

Bringing more diversity into the organization

There’s a big focus right now on diversity in hiring and recruiting women in particular into the private equity industry, where previously there was hardly any.

When you start with the right focus around culture and create the right culture, it attracts diversity and women. It’s symbiotic, says Mirja.

At Summa Equity for example, they didn’t start with the idea of hiring lots of women, they started by creating a culture that made the organization an attractive place for women to work.

It starts with having the right cultural values that determine behavior:

“Define what behaviors you need to have, that you want to have, to be able to deliver an inclusive culture. And that’s much harder, but I think it is a necessity, if you really want to change, if you really want to create behaviors around a more diverse culture.”

Change management is a big undertaking though, says Mirja, very often you’ll need to engage organizational experts to help you with it.

Then, you need to role model the behavior you want from the top down. Because if senior management don’t model the ideal behavior, the next layer down won’t, and it’s not going to follow suit.

You need to make your organization understand that no change is not an option.

Why changing mindset delivers value

When you have a diverse workforce, you get diversity in decision making. That’s because when your employees aren’t all the same, they think differently, they bring different skills to the table.

Yes, it’s harder to manage a diverse workforce, but if you find a way to communicate clearly, you get access to different types of insights, with different data points, that then lead to better decision making.

But, says Mirja, diversity isn’t just hiring more women. Diversity comes in many forms – cultural, background, age, religion, sexual orientaiton, nationality, ability, neurodiversity etc.

“If you start out with a culture where you cherish differences, where you’ve come up with a system to allow for communication and transparency to flow between different people, you will get more innovation, you will make better decisions.”

Do culture due diligence

If you’re a young person aspiring to work in the private equity industry, do your culture due diligence, advises Mirja.

Look beyond the brand name and the training you’ll get. Be smart with your research – check out their website, ask your networks for feedback, figure out what the culture is like at the company, and whether your values and theirs align.

“What is it really? How do they treat young people? Are you being listened to? Are people interested in who you are? Are they investing in you? Are they helping you to learn? Are they helping you to bring yourself to work? There are fantastic firms in private equity, like Summa, where they take this seriously.”

What the world needs most

“We need to ensure that we work together to focus on making this world a better place. And that goes for companies, that go for private individuals, but that also goes for governments and regulation. We all need to work together to reach Net Zero, to look after the world that we live in in a sustainable way.”

Leaders need to ensure that their culture, values and behaviour are at the core of everything they do, because, says Mirja, that is what will allow you to be successful. Put your culture first and the end result will be great results.

And for employees, you need to be yourselves and make sure that the people around you take that seriously. If your cultural values are important to you, make sure they’re important for the firm you work at.

“We can all make a difference no matter what kind of job we have, where we work. It’s important to speak up and be yourself, because everyone in an organisation can influence the organisation.”

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  4. Reshaping the Relationship Between Purpose and Profit with George Serafeim

Reshaping the Relationship Between Purpose and Profit with George Serafeim

Harvard Business School Professor, George Serafeim, is known as the rockstar of ESG. He’s the man blazing the trail, measuring, driving and communicating corporate performance and social impact – a passion he developed growing up in Athens, Greece.

“I witnessed the value of meritocracy and what happens when you don’t have meritocracy in a society, in an environment, and why it is extremely important to be able to give opportunities to people that deserve those opportunities.”

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8 min read

Episode 3

Becoming the Rockstar of ESG

Pursuing the path he’s on, says George, hasn’t been an easy decision. Early in his journey people tried to dissuade him from going down the ESG route, telling him it was a personal career risk, but, he says, let this be a clear lesson to other leaders in terms of embarking on their own sustainability journey.

Change is hard, doing something different isn’t easy, going against the tide is always going to draw naysayers, your work will be misunderstood. The differentiation, the newness it exposes will expose you to individual risk.

“But for me, it has been an incredible journey. I have met an amazing number of people, including Reynir. And I have learned a lot I would say throughout the journey. So for me that risk is well worth it. When I look back at it.”

That ESG has become such a focal point globally isn’t a surprise for George. The reason being, he says, is because he has a great privilege in observing where the top talent is going to in the economy.

As a professor at Harvard Business School, he sees the best of the best on a daily basis. He gets to interact with the most talented young people. He observes what drives them from the moment they wake up in the morning, he learns where they want to work and what work they want to do, and year over year, he says, this changes.

“Increasingly, what attracts talent is this idea of finding purpose in the workplace, and being able to have meaningful work.”

In fact, he says, most of what drives value inside organizations is their ability to attract and retain human capital, and their ability to create intellectual capital through innovative capacity of the workforce in the organization. And their ability to create social capital with society in terms of trust in the organization and the brand.

And when you understand this, you can see exactly how ESG issues have become so important.

Purpose and Profit

George’s new book, Purpose and Profit, is 15 years in the writing he says. It’s split into two parts. The first question it asks is, why are we talking about purpose in business and about ESG issues and sustainability more and more? And why now? Why are we talking about purpose in business, about ESG outcomes, and about the role of the corporation in society so much more now?

One part of the answer, says George, is that both consumers and employees have more choice than they’ve ever had before. And that choice has given people a voice about what they’re expecting from organizations around the world.

“And because what drives competitiveness in organizations increasingly is their social, intellectual and human capital, that has created the link between voice and choice into value for organizations.”

The second part of his book is about what this means for you as an individual. What can you do? The book, says George, isn’t for CEOs of Fortune 500 companies, it’s for the young entrepreneurs, the young people joining the workforce who are questioning what they can do, what role they can play in bringing about change.

Because, says George, each of us can have an impact on the global challenges we face.

How purpose and profit go hand in hand

Firstly, what does purpose mean?

“What purpose is for us inside organizations, is for employees to have strong beliefs in the meaning of their work, to have agency, to create better outcomes, and also to have aligned incentives in order for them to be able to empower them and create those outcomes.”

The problem is, says George, once you adopt this definition, it quickly highlights purpose inequality within an organization. When you ask people inside the organization, particularly those further down the chain about purpose, they have much weaker beliefs about it, than middle management, who in turn have weaker beliefs than senior executives.

“One of the things we have found is that organizations that are high performing organizations, they’re able to diffuse that sense of purpose throughout the organization. And not only that, but also they can create clarity about that purpose inside the organization.”

Purpose therefore, isn’t the grand statement a leader makes in a speech. Purpose is the lived experience of the employees in the workforce, and how that purpose is diffused and the clarity that all employees have in terms of it.

“And once you adopt that, then you find, in many ways, a synergistic relationship between purpose and profit for those organizations.”

Finding purpose in a public firm

Another thing George found, during his research, was that publicly listed firms’ employees had a weaker belief in their purpose in comparison to private firms.

In public firms, the sense of purpose is directly related to the ownership commitment in terms of longer term ownership. And stronger commitment to the organization is driven by a stronger leadership commitment.

“And I think a big challenge for publicly listed firms is how to create that sense of commitment inside the organisation.”

So how can big firms show agency in their ownership in order to drive a sense of purpose in public companies?

There are a couple of things, says George:

  1. Engage with management and assure them that you plan on being owners for the long term, and you would like to keep owning the company for a very long time, because you believe in the business model.
  2. Ask key questions such as:
  • How do employees feel about their own commitment to the organization?
  • Do they feel that they have the agency to drive the performance of the organization? The impact of the organization forward?
  • And do they have aligned incentives to do the right thing for the long term prosperity of the organization?

What ESG is and what it isn’t

There are two approaches to ESG, says George.

The first one is that ESG is about risks to the organization, how exposed you are, and how well you’re managing those risks.

Within that approach, you can ask: how well is the management team reducing our exposure to those risks and how well are you managing those risks that are coming from environmental developments from social development and so forth?

While this is the approach that George believes in, this is the version of ESG that Elon Musk refers to when he’s debunking ESG. For Elon, he believes ESG necessitates a different approach.

One that asks the same initial question: what is the impact that the organisation is having on the environment, on employees, on customers, on the broader society? But the follow up question is then: how is that impact being internalised by the company? Which then leads to the valuation discussion, and the profitability discussion, and the competitors discussion.

Why does George favour the first approach? Easy, he says. Because the first one asks the question:

“If this company is going to scale up and grow, are we going to have a better environment or a better society or a worse society? Which requires you to measure and value the impact that the organisation is having.”

George’s advice to leaders

“Engage your workforce, engage your employees. There is a tremendous amount of energy inside organizations, among employees to be engaged in the sustainability efforts of the organization. But a lot of people think that they lack agency to really engage and have impact.”

So, what does the world need most right now according to George?

Lots of things, but the main one is to try to keep a positive perspective of what’s going on. There are lots of negatives happening in the world, but we need to remember there are lots of positives too. If we dwell on the negatives, it can drag us down.

And we have to bear in mind that we all have the opportunity to make a difference. Righting everything that’s going wrong in the world isn’t one person’s responsibility, we all have a responsibility to try to bring about good outcomes for society, both environmentally and socially.

“If we all, as employees, as leaders, as owners, focus on those easy main areas: how can we create positive externalities? Then we can all do our part of it little or big.”

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  4. How the Private Equity Industry is Helping Solve Global Challenges with EQT CEO, Christian Sinding

How the Private Equity Industry is Helping Solve Global Challenges with EQT CEO, Christian Sinding

We have little time to change the incoming tide that is the climate crisis, but failure to act at all will only expose us to extreme weather events, acute food and water insecurity, biodiversity loss, and economic and social instability. We all need to act now – we all have a part to play.

But how?

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7 min read

Episode 2

In this latest episode of Summa & Friends, Reynir and Vesna are joined by CEO and Managing Partner of global investment firm EQT, Christian Sinding, who shares how EQT are on a purpose journey to close the saying/doing gap.

Why private equity firms can make a positive change

The private equity industry isn’t renowned for helping solve some of society’s most pressing problems, but then most companies that operate in it aren’t global investment firm EQT.

However, says Reynir Indahl, CEO of Summa Equity, “the natural tendency of private equity is to improve companies. And as long as the company is fulfilling a positive purpose in society, that is something that will [naturally] happen.”

So what superpower does the private equity world have that can help tackle impending global challenges?

According to Christian, private equity firms have the capital, the governance model and the tools to drive positive transformation or at least seek out better solutions to the problems.

“The superpowers are there. And it’s rather, how do we activate them? What’s the magic potion that will make everybody drink it and see that we actually have it all?”

The resistance to ESG

Rather than rushing to embrace ESG and see it as a positive goal, many people feel that ESGs are restrictive, that they’re controlling, that they’re regulatory. But that’s not their purpose, says Christian. When you drive positive change through the lens of ESG, you’re going to make companies more valuable, as well as help future proof them by including ESG strategies and goals.

This in turn will create more positive financial returns. It’s the change that people are afraid of and resist, says Christian, actually taking action is understandably scary. For example, EQT owns the largest ferry company in Norway, and they’re committed to electrifying the entire fleet.

“We’re going to the next level of innovation, which is actually creating the first hydrogen based ferry in the world. And of course, that’s scary, it’s scary for the board, it’s scary for the owners and it’s scary for the management to commit to such an agenda.”

But, says Christian, rather than fearing the change and using it as an excuse not to do it, they’re choosing to think about the bigger picture. When they’ve converted their entire fleet of ferries they’ll have a future proof business, a company with innovative new products, an energized workforce, happier clients and a cleaner environment.

Positive transformation like this is big and unknown, but it isn’t something to be feared, says Christian. It’s a real win-win among stakeholders, you just have to have the guts to do it. And you have to be authentic and genuine with your sustainability plans.

Too many firms, agrees Reynir, greenwash their activities, and it’s apparent to all involved what they’re doing. Their ESG efforts aren’t authentic or genuine, they’re purely for PR purposes, they’re not designed to help anyone other than themselves.

People see straight through this.

The problem with our current approach

There is no better time than the present to take action.

Just look back over the events of the last few years, says Christian, the pandemic was a grey swan event, it wasn’t off the charts, but no one was prepared for it. No countries, no companies. Everyone knew it was a possibility, but no one thought it would happen.

And now there’s war on the borders of Europe in our lifetime, which is feeding rising inflation and affecting supply chains. We all knew there was a risk, but again, no one was prepared for it.

“And the knee jerk reaction is okay, now we have to rebuild our fossil based fuel sources. And what’s that going to do for the world? Nothing good. We should now accelerate investments into sustainable energy, because that’s the only thing that will keep us away from this kind of crisis, but at the same time, not ruin the world.”

Building sustainability into everything at EQT

EQT are on a purpose journey to close the saying/doing gap. But what does that mean?

A few years ago, Christian had a realization that there was a big gap between what EQT said they wanted to be doing, and what they were actually doing. So he set out on a purpose journey, with the aim of bringing everybody at the firm along with him. Firstly setting their purpose – to future proof companies and make a positive impact.

“We’ve taken this journey with the executive committee and all the different investment committees and teams and operations at EQT. And every single team has been through a journey.”

They’ve received input from Paul Polman at Unilever, they’ve shifted mindsets and put themselves into the future, saying OK, in 10 years time, will we be one of the positive influencers or positive action takers in this movement? Or are we going to let someone else take the lead?

“We’ve started setting goals, very concrete goals. We started with very simple diversity goals and emission goals. We said every single company has to drive more diversity. And we set a simple goal that every single company we own has to move to renewable energy.”

They’ve since linked compensation to sustainability goals, putting financial targets behind them, so that people can see the impact their efforts are having.

“We measure the financial return on our investments in the product with the internal rate of return. The external rate of return is what’s the return for society from our companies? I do believe that those are getting more and more aligned.”

Challenging CEOs of other private equity firms

So what can other CEOs learn from Christian and the team at EQT?

Other CEOs need to dare to have honest conversations about where they are and what their gap looks like, says Christian.

“Having the guts to both show your vulnerabilities and then go for the change. That’s what would be my challenge.”

At EQT, for example, they have a vision, a goal, of having 40% diversity on the board. They’re currently at 27%. Which might not sound like much, but a few short years ago, they were at 2% and only one in six partners is female. But it’s about being honest and having these realizations that this is where you are, says Christian, and knowing where you want to go. Don’t greenwash things. And don’t be afraid to be vulnerable and truthful about how far you still have to go.

What the world needs most right now

The world needs peace right now, says Christian, with all the strife happening around us, we need to be able to cooperate across borders, across companies and industries, between business and society.

That’s peace in the non-warring sense, and peace in the broader sense. If we don’t have one, we aren’t going to be successful in making the planet healthier, more peaceful for future generations.

“To me, it’s about understanding that for us as owners, to actually take the responsibility, the opportunity to make companies more sustainable for the long term will actually meet all of our goals. And we need to find solutions to those problems that we haven’t yet solved. And those solutions have to be in line with what the planet and society needs.”

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  4. Why Creating a Win-Win Economy is Better for Everyone with Reynir Indahl

Why Creating a Win-Win Economy is Better for Everyone with Reynir Indahl

On this inaugural episode of Summa & Friends, the podcast for people with the courage to care for a wiser future, is Reynir Indahl, founder and managing partner of Summa Equity.

Summa Equity is a private equity firm set up in 2016 to invest in companies and help solve global challenges. Because the imminent challenges the world faces are not faced by a few individuals, they’re going to affect every single one of us.

The very heart of humanity, what we are and what we want is threatened on so many levels, says Reynir. It’s vital to have a platform where people can learn not only about these problems, but realize they are solvable – we can do it, we just all need to play our part.

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6 min read

Episode 1

Blindsided by the financial crisis

Summa Equity may have been founded in 2016, but the story actually starts seven years earlier, in 2009.

Working in finance when the financial crisis hit, Reynir was blindsided by it. Despite doing an undergraduate in business at Wharton, and an MBA at Harvard, and having worked for McKinsey as a consultant, he thought he would be educated enough and have an understanding that a financial crisis was coming. But it took him by surprise just as it did everyone else in the industry, including economists.

So Reynir began digging into how and why the financial crisis had happened. Why hadn’t he and others seen it coming?

“I got increasingly concerned about the blind spots we have, how debt has been fueling our growth, how we are very much dependent on growth due to that, and also how this is causing significant externalities.”

And the bottom line is, he says, our desire and drive for growth is destroying the planet and creating inequalities.

“I became increasingly concerned about where the world was heading. I looked at myself in the mirror and asked myself if I was part of the problem or part of the solution. And I was sitting there in private equity with a portfolio that was as much a part of the problem as part of the solution.”

Founding Summa Equity

He had been agnostic to the issues, simply working to get a financial return for investors. He needed more. So left the private equity industry and began working with philanthropy and impact investing.

Through this work he saw many fantastic solutions out there, companies working hard to solve global issues, but needed funding to scale up.

“There was this notion at the time that there’s a trade off if you try to optimize for the planet or socially, then financially it must be a poor thing to do, but I didn’t see that in the data and the companies that I was working with.”

In fact, the companies that he worked with then, and now, have both a positive impact on the world, either economically or socially, and perform financially, delivering superior returns to investors.

There is no trade off.

Choosing companies to invest in

Reynir established Summa Equity in 2016 with three thematic areas that they invest in – resource efficiency, changing demographics, and tech enabled transformation.

Summa Equity was the first private equity company to commit to the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Meaning all of their investments are screened and linked to the SDGs to drive the strategy and performance of the company.

“If you look at the three themes, you can tuck all of the SDGs into it, because our companies are either solving an environmental problem, or addressing a social issue, or just providing better governance through productivity, transparency, or regulatory improvements.”

And they select the companies to invest in that are the leaders in transformation, either environmentally, or socially or through better governance.

“So you have to start with a solution. Start with the problem, define the problem, then start with what’s the future you want to see. And then the expectation that that’s what we will have if we solve this challenge. Then we have to solve these challenges.”

We shouldn’t priorities climate change

One of the toughest challenges, says Reynir, is not prioritizing climate change above all else.

There are other challenges that are just as important and need our urgent attention.

For example: we’ve made a large number of species extinct over the last 40 years, not to mention social inequality is rising. These need to be addressed in the same way we’re addressing climate change.

“I am optimistic that we will solve our climate issues. I’m also optimistic we can solve some of these other issues, but they’ve gone in the backdrop as everything is focused on climate now.”

But the good news is, the level of innovation and how we’re solving these global challenges is accelerating. It might be too late, warns Reynir, for the 1.5 degree scenario, but he’s optimistic we won’t get to the 4 degree scenario.

“If there’s one message I want to get across, [it’s] we can all make a change. This is a wicked problem. If all of us do our small little part. This will be solved. And if it isn’t solved, at least we tried.”

Bringing the focus to ‘we’

We focus too much on me, me, me, says Reynir, which is creating a system based on ‘me’, which is driving us down the road towards destruction.

“If we had a system based on we, instead of me, that would fundamentally change. So my biggest hope is [something] that is in all of the old philosophies and religions is love your neighbor, do to others what you want them to do to yourself.”

We’ve also been living for too long in a win-lose game, Reynir says. We need to change that to a win-win game.

If we change our outlook to ‘we’, and talk about taking care of your neighbor, nature and the weak, and optimize for common good, yes, you might win a little less, but you’ll create fewer losers.

“I try to think through that in everything I do: if I do this, and if I make this decision, who will be worse off due to that? Who will lose? Will nature lose? Other people lose? If we just think win-win in everything we do, and reflect on who will lose if I do this, if I buy this, then it’s a good guidance for making choices. If we optimize for a win-win, there should be no losers. We should all be winners.”

What the world needs most right now

There are two things the world needs most right now, says Reynir. Firstly, we all need to play our part. We all have something within our power of influence to be part of the solution.

And secondly, we need leaders to show people the way, to inspire others to walk the road less travelled.

“It is walking that new path, it is inspiring others to come along, it’s making that small road into a larger road, and then a highway. So leadership is very important. And that’s what the world needs.”

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Summa Equity adds Schulz & Berger to its waste equipment platform to accelerate growth and innovation in circular economy technologies 

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The case for scalable regenerative agriculture 

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Investing in food and agriculture for health and planetary resilience

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NetGuardians and Intix unite to form Vyntra

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Planetary boundaries as a guiding framework for sustainable growth

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Summa Equity announces exit from Documaster

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  4. Exploring the depths of empathy, kindness, and rethinking: A discourse with Adam Grant

Exploring the depths of empathy, kindness, and rethinking: A discourse with Adam Grant

In a profound conversation exploring the realms of human psychology and organizational behavior, Adam Grant, a distinguished organizational psychologist and acclaimed author, delves into his journey and philosophy that underpin his renowned theories and concepts. His reflections revolve around bringing out the best in oneself and others, exploring the contours of human psychology in a professional context.

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2 min read

A journey into human psychology

“I always feel like my interests are too narrow professionally because everything I study is human psychology and revolves around the questions of how do we bring out the best in ourselves and in the people around us.”

Adam’s professional journey, while seemingly narrowly focused on human psychology, unravels a vast expanse of questions and explorations about human potential and relationships. His insights provide a lens into understanding how the nuances of human psychology can be navigated to enhance both personal and collective well-being and productivity.

Embracing challenges and personal growth

“I’m willing to suffer to try to make myself better. It’s why I ended up becoming a springboard diver even though I was afraid of heights.”

Adam reflects on his personal experiences, sharing an intriguing anecdote about becoming a springboard diver despite a fear of heights. This encapsulates his philosophy of embracing challenges and venturing outside of comfort zones as a pathway to personal growth. His willingness to ‘suffer’ in pursuit of betterment elucidates a powerful message about commitment, resilience, and continuous learning.

Navigating through his literary works

As the conversation steers towards his literary contributions, Adam provides insights into his various works, each exploring different facets of human behavior and organizational dynamics. His work “Give and Take” is notably mentioned, symbolizing a pivotal piece in understanding the dynamics of giving, taking, and reciprocity within organizational and interpersonal contexts.

Conclusion

Adam Grant’s reflections provide a compelling exploration into the intricacies of human psychology, personal development, and organizational dynamics. His willingness to traverse through challenges, coupled with his insightful explorations through his professional and literary works, weave a narrative that encourages individuals and organizations to navigate towards bringing out the best in themselves and others.

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